Cracked heels, also known as heel fissures, are a common yet often ignored foot problem that can lead to complications. Many people dismiss this issue or tolerate the pain, but understanding the root causes, effective treatments, and preventive steps can significantly improve your overall foot health. In this post, we will explore the causes behind cracked heels and provide practical tips for maintaining healthy skin on your feet.
Causes of Cracked Heels
Cracked heels can stem from a variety of factors, highlighting the connection between our feet and overall health. One of the main causes is dry skin, which can result from low humidity levels or insufficient foot care. According to the American Academy of Dermatology, nearly 20% of people may experience some form of dry skin, making this a prevalent issue. When skin becomes dry, it loses elasticity and is more prone to cracking, particularly in weight-bearing areas.
Another major factor is prolonged standing or walking. Occupations like nursing or retail often require employees to be on their feet for hours at a time, increasing the likelihood of developing dry heels. Studies have shown that workers who stand for long periods are 50% more likely to experience heel problems.
Incorrect footwear can significantly impact heel health. Shoes that lack proper support, do not fit properly, or expose the feet to harsh environments like heat and cold increase friction and wear on the skin, leading to cracks. A study published in the Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery found that individuals wearing ill-fitting shoes are 40% more likely to develop foot issues, including cracked heels.
Finally, certain medical conditions also heighten the risk of cracked heels. For instance, people with diabetes may experience reduced circulation, which affects skin health. Skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis can further contribute to the development of fissures. Fungal infections, which are especially common in warm, moist conditions, may lead to skin breakdown, exacerbating the problem.
The primary causes of cracked heels are pressure, and friction. Reducing these two factors will reduce your risk of heel fissures. |
Complications of Cracked Heels
Cracked heels can lead to various complications if not treated properly. Here are the most common:
Infection: Cracks in the skin can allow bacteria and fungi to enter, leading to infections that may require medical treatment.
Bleeding: Deep fissures can cause bleeding, which can be painful and may complicate the healing process, and may also be a portal for infection.
Wounds/ulcers: Wounds (specifically pressure ulcers) can occur underneath the cracked areas. Without professional care, these can lead to stubborn and recurrent infections. Ulcers can be particularly dangerous for people who have diabetes, poor circulation, or reduced function of their immune system. In their most serious form, ulcers from fissures can lead to non-healing wounds and potentially amputation.
Changes in Sensation: The thick calluses that come with cracked heels can change the way you feel the ground, or sense hot and cold. It may keep you from noticing injuries or wounds to the skin before they get more serious.
Pain and Discomfort: Cracked heels can cause significant pain, making it difficult to walk or stand for extended periods. This can interfere with work, recreation, and general enjoyment of life. It may change the way you walk, and might cause you to limp.
Skin Changes: Prolonged cracking can lead to thickening or discoloration of the skin around the heels. It can also cause a build-up of scar tissue, which permanently changes the skin's elasticity. That means the skin may not stretch as well when you flex your foot, and may actually limit your ability to do so.
Psychological Impact: Visible cracked heels can affect self-esteem and body image. Some people find it embarrassing to show their feet in public, or even private settings like inside their own homes. It may limit footwear choices, with affected people avoiding sandals in the summertime.
Treatment for Cracked Heels
Effectively addressing cracked heels requires a comprehensive approach. The first step is to ensure the skin is well-hydrated. Over-the-counter creams containing urea or lactic acid are effective in softening thickened skin and promoting healing. Applying these products daily, especially after bathing, greatly enhances their efficacy. We have a couple of favourites that are available for purchase at the clinic.
Soaking your feet in warm (not hot), soapy water for about 10 minutes softens the skin. After soaking, gently exfoliating with a pumice stone or foot file can help remove dead skin, paving the way for healthier skin layers. For stubborn calluses, resist the urge to use harsher methods of exfoliating - many products sold as "foot care instruments" can actually do a lot of damage! Shavers, blades, rotary instruments, and others can inadvertently remove too much skin and cause wounds unless used by a trained professional. Gentle callus removal over time is much safer than trying to remove the calluses all at once.
Never use household tools like Dremels, sanders, graters/zesters, craft knives, or razor blades for footcare! These are not designed for use on feet, and can cause significant injury and infection if used. |
Thick calluses with deep cracks will not absorb skin creams. The calluses act as a barrier against the creams. In those cases, calluses need to be reduced by a foot health professional. Foot Care Nurses are specially trained in the safe use of specialized rotary tools with tips designed for human skin, and can quickly and safely bring down the depth of calluses and smooth the edges of fissures. They can also recommend specific creams and treatment for prevention of recurrence.
Maintenance for Healthy Heels
To maintain healthy skin on your heels, a proactive approach is essential. Regularly moisturizing your feet is key. Opt for a thick cream that penetrates deeply into the skin. Applying moisturizer before bedtime and wearing cotton socks overnight can help lock in moisture and enhance results. Choose creams over lotions. Lotions have a higher water content and are less effective on very dry skin.
Incorporating foot care into your regular health routine is also beneficial for preventing future problems. In addition to soaking and exfoliating, consider scheduling regular professional foot care, where practitioners can assist in keeping your heels soft and healthy.
Proper hygiene is another vital aspect of heel maintenance. Ensure your feet are clean and dry, particularly between the toes, to ward off fungal infections that can lead to cracking. A recent survey revealed that 30% of foot health issues stem from inadequate hygiene practices.
Additionally, choose shoes that provide adequate support and cushioning. Avoid footwear that places excessive pressure on your heels or creates friction, contributing to cracks. Consider replacing your insoles with a gel-type insole. These significantly reduce the wear and tear on your feet and slow the build-up of new calluses.
Prevention Strategies
Preventing cracked heels is often easier and less costly than treating them after they occur. Start by adopting healthy lifestyle choices. Staying hydrated and maintaining a nutrient-rich diet, which includes vitamins A and E, can significantly benefit skin health.
Incorporating good foot care into your daily routine is vital. This includes regular moisturizing and exfoliation, as mentioned earlier, paired with wearing comfortable shoes that fit properly.
Limit exposure to harsh environmental conditions. For instance, using a humidifier during dry months can help maintain moisture in the skin, reducing the chance of cracking.
It is also important to be mindful of any health conditions that could worsen the problem. Regular check-ups can help manage chronic issues like diabetes or eczema effectively, minimizing their impact on your foot health.
Taking Charge of Your Foot Health
Understanding the causes, treatments, maintenance strategies, and prevention techniques for cracked heels can greatly enhance your foot health. By integrating these practices into your daily routine, you can tackle this frustrating issue and keep your heels smooth and healthy. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help when necessary, and prioritize foot care as a crucial component of your overall wellness. Healthy heels are not just about aesthetics; they play a significant role in the functionality and comfort of your feet. Begin caring for your feet today for a healthier tomorrow!
